What Is an ESL Class? Types, Levels & Costs Explained
What ESL classes are, the main types (community, college, online, private), how much they cost, and how to choose the right one for your goals.
What ESL, ESOL, and ELL mean
ESL stands for English as a Second Language. It's the most common term in the United States for courses that teach English to adults who speak another language at home.
You'll also see ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) — common in the UK, Florida, and Massachusetts — and ELL (English Language Learner), which is more often used for children in K–12 schools. They all describe the same goal: learning English as a non-native speaker.
What happens in an ESL class
ESL classes build four core skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Most classes also work on vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar — but always through real-world topics, not abstract exercises.
A typical lesson might start with a warm-up discussion, move into a reading passage about a current topic, cover new vocabulary, and finish with comprehension and discussion questions. That's exactly how our free lesson plans are structured — each one is a complete class session.
Types of ESL classes
There's no single "ESL class" — the term covers a wide range of programs. Here's how the main formats compare:
| Type | Typical cost | Format | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Community / Library | Usually free | In-person, group | Beginners on a budget, local practice |
| Community College | $0–$200/term (residents) | In-person or hybrid | Structured learning, academic English |
| University Continuing Ed | $300–$500+/term | In-person or online | Intensive study, college preparation |
| Online Platform | $5–$30/hour or free (self-study) | Video call or self-paced | Flexible schedule, speaking practice |
| Private Tutor | $15–$50/hour | 1-on-1 video or in-person | Personalized attention, exam prep |
Cost ranges are approximate and vary by location. Community college and university prices are per term for US residents. Source: program websites, checked August 2026.
CEFR levels: which class fits you
Most ESL programs use the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) to place learners. Here's a quick guide to the six levels:
See our levels page for reading lessons at each level.
How to choose an ESL class
- Set your goal. Daily conversation? Academic writing? Work English? Different programs specialize in different areas.
- Know your level. Most programs offer a free placement test. The CEFR table above gives you a rough idea.
- Check your budget. Free community programs are excellent for beginners. If you need faster progress or specific skills, paid options offer more structure.
- Try free resources first. Our guide to free online ESL resources lists over a dozen verified options.
Frequently asked questions
- How much does ESL cost?
- Free at many community organizations and public libraries. Community college non-credit programs typically run $0–$200 per term for residents. University continuing-education programs charge $300–$500+. Online tutors on platforms like Preply or italki range from $5–$30/hour.
- What do they teach in ESL classes?
- Reading, writing, listening, and speaking — the four core English skills. Most classes also cover vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. Lessons often use real-world topics like news, culture, and everyday situations.
- Do I need to know some English before starting?
- No. ESL programs accept complete beginners (CEFR A1). Most programs assess your level and place you in the right class automatically.
Teachers: Browse free ESL lesson plans →
Free resources: Free online ESL classes & resources →